Spinosad combined with entomopathogenic nematode for biocontrol of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]) on citrus

Abstract Background Cultivation of citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) crops is continuously expanding in Egypt given the favorable ingredients citriculture. Notwithstanding Egyptian rank as world's largest orange exporter, Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one major pests that considerably reduces quality crops. Contrary to hazardous organophosphate insecticides are commonly used control Medfly, biologically-based C . tactics were tried herein. The effect spinosad a bacterial fermentation product and nematode Steinernema riobrave biological applied singly or combination on laboratory field strains Medfly investigated. Results A significant difference LC 50 values was observed between strain (4.78 PPM) (8.12 larvae exposed 1.7 fold decrease susceptibility recorded after treatment with spinosad. In experiment, reduction population by 80, 37, 92% for spinosad, S , + treatments recorded, respectively. Conclusions Utilization spinosad- fields, novel alternative unhealthy chemical can be suggested. Use this should incorporated into holistic management package economically feasible environmentally sustainable agriculture.